银屑病

疾病简介
银屑病是一种慢性的、非传染性的、疼痛的、毁容的、致残的疾病,无治愈方法,对患者的生存质量(QoL)有着极大的负面影响。任何年龄都有发病可能,最常见于50 至69 岁之间1。各国公布的银屑病患病率在0.09%2至11.43%3之间,因此银屑病是一个严重的全球性难题。
发病原因

银屑病病因尚不明确,证据显示有遗传倾向4。免疫系统在银屑病发病时扮演了何种角色也是研究的热点。尽管有人提出银屑病可能是一种自体免疫性疾病,然而至今没有明确导致这种疾病的自身抗原。外源和内源诱因也可引起银屑病,包括轻微创伤、晒伤、感染、系统用药以及压力5

临床表现

银屑病发于皮肤和指甲,并伴随一系列合并症。皮肤损伤位于局部或全身,对称居多,边界清晰,红疹和斑块,通常覆盖白色或银色的鳞片。皮损引起瘙痒和刺痛。1.3%6至34.7%7的银屑病患者患有慢性炎性关节炎(银屑病性关节炎),导致关节变形和残疾。4.2%至69%的银屑病病人有指甲病变8,9,10。报告称银屑病患者更易患心血管疾病和其他非传染性疾病(NCDs)5,11,12

疾病治疗

银屑病的治疗仍基于控制症状。可用局部和全身治疗以及光线疗法。临床常结合使用以上治疗方法。患者通常需终身治疗缓解疾病。至今为止,还未有完全治愈银屑病的方法。此外,银屑病患者的护理不仅包括治疗皮损及关节损伤,还包括辨别和处理已经出现或可能出现的常见合并症,例如心血管和代谢疾病以及心理疾病。
  


1.  Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease Study 2010: Results by Cause 1990–2010. Seattle: IHME; 2012.
2.  Gibbs S. Skin disease and socioeconomic conditions in rural Africa: Tanzania. Int J Dermatol. 1996;35(9):633–9.
3.  Danielsen K, Olsen AO, Wilsgaard T, Furberg AS. Is the prevalence of psoriasis increasing? A 30–year follow-up of a population–based cohort. Br J Dermatol. 2013;168:1303–10.
4.  Harden JL, Krueger JG, Bowcock AM. The immunogenetics of psoriasis: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun. 2015;64:66–73.
5.  Boehncke W-H, Schon MP. Psoriasis. Lancet. 2015;386(9997):983–94.
6.  Bedi TR. Clinical profile of psoriasis in North India. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 1995;61(4):202–5.
7.  Pariser D, Schenkel B, Carter C, Farahi K, Brown TM, Ellis CN, and Psoriasis Patient Interview Study Group. A multicenter, non-interventional study to evaluate patient-reported experiences of living with psoriasis. J Dermatol Treat. 2015;1–8.
8.  Alshami MA. Clinical profile of psoriasis in Yemen, a 4-year retrospective study of 241 patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(Suppl. 4):14.
9.  Falodun OA. Characteristics of patients with psoriasis seen at the dermatology clinic of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria: a 4-year review 2008–2012. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2013;27(Suppl. 4).
10.  Reich K, Kruger K, Mossner R, Augustin M. Epidemiology and clinical pattern of psoriatic arthritis in Germany: a prospective interdisciplinary epidemiological study of 1511 patients with plaque-type psoriasis. Br J Dermatol. 2009;160(5):1040–7.
11.  Augustin M, Radtke MA, Glaeske G, Reich K, Christophers E, Schaefer I et al. Epidemiology and Comorbidity in Children with Psoriasis and Atopic Eczema. Dermatology. 2015;231(1):35–40.
12.  Vena GA, Altomare G, Ayala F, Berardesca E, Calzavara-Pinton P, Chimenti S et al. Incidence of psoriasis and association with comorbidities in Italy: a 5-year observational study from a national primary care database. Eur J Dermatol. 2010;20(5):593–8.

CP-84792 Approved date 2019-3-29